{"id":5717,"date":"2021-12-31T11:01:00","date_gmt":"2021-12-31T07:31:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digi-zaban.ir\/?p=5717"},"modified":"2024-07-18T14:24:50","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T14:24:50","slug":"direct-and-indirect-quotes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/digi-zaban.ir\/blog\/direct-and-indirect-quotes\/","title":{"rendered":"\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0631\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0627 <strong>direct speech<\/strong> \u0648 <strong>indirect speech<\/strong> \u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 <strong>reported speech<\/strong> \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block toc-rank-math-mb has-black-color has-white-background-color has-text-color has-background\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><p>\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628:<\/p><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631-\u0646\u0642\u0644-\u0642\u0648\u0644-\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645-direct-speech\">\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 Direct Speech<\/a><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a-\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637-\u0628\u0647-\u0646\u0642\u0644-\u0642\u0648\u0644-\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\">\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631-\u0646\u0642\u0644-\u0642\u0648\u0644-\u063a\u06cc\u0631-\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645-reported-speech\">\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 Reported Speech<\/a><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a-\u0646\u0642\u0644-\u0642\u0648\u0644-\u063a\u06cc\u0631-\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645-reported-speech\">\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 (Reported Speech)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#\u0646\u0642\u0644-\u0642\u0648\u0644-\u063a\u06cc\u0631-\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645-\u062f\u0631-\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646-\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\">\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#\u0646\u0642\u0644-\u0642\u0648\u0644-\u063a\u06cc\u0631-\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645-\u062f\u0631-\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646-\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\">\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#\u0646\u0642\u0644-\u0642\u0648\u0644-\u063a\u06cc\u0631-\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645-\u062f\u0631-\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644-\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644-modal-verbs\">\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644 modal verbs<\/a><ul><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\">\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a-\u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634\u06cc\">\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634\u06cc<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631-\u0646\u0642\u0644-\u0642\u0648\u0644-\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645-direct-speech\">\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 Direct Speech<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u0645 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u0645. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0686\u0647 \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">Sara: I like football.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627: \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">Sara said, \u201cI like football.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u06af\u0641\u062a: \u00ab\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0645.\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"540\" src=\"https:\/\/digi-zaban.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/direct-speech-\u0648-indirect-speech-\u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc-\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646.webp\" alt=\"\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0631 direct speech \u0648 indirect speech\" class=\"wp-image-9117\" style=\"width:624px;height:468px\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a-\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637-\u0628\u0647-\u0646\u0642\u0644-\u0642\u0648\u0644-\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\">\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> \u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0644 <strong>say <\/strong>\u0648 <strong>ask <\/strong>\u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u067e\u0631\u0633\u062f \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">She asked, \u201cWhen you will be here?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f: \u00ab\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u061f\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0645:<\/strong> \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647\u200c\u200c\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u067e\u0633 <strong>\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0648\u0644<\/strong> \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f <strong>\u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af<\/strong> \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">He said, \u201c<strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\">M<\/span><\/strong>y brother is a student.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0648 \u06af\u0641\u062a: \u00ab\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a.\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u200c\u0633\u0648\u0645:<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0644 ( <strong>,<\/strong> ) \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647\u200c\u200c\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u06af\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quotation_mark\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quotation_mark\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">quotation marks<\/a>&nbsp;\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u06af\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">I said<strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\">, \u201c<\/span><\/strong>I\u2019m not very happy at work<strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\">.\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0645:<\/strong> \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u06af\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\">\u201c<\/span><\/strong>I\u2019m not very happy at work<strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\">,\u201d<\/span><\/strong> I said<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\">\u201c<\/span><\/strong>When you will be here<span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\"><strong>?\u201d<\/strong> <\/span>She asked.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0645:<\/strong> \u0641\u0639\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">\u201cLet&#8217;s leave,\u201d <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\">whispered <\/span><\/strong>Dave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u06cc\u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f: \u00ab\u0628\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0645.\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">John <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\">began<\/span><\/strong>, \u201cWell it&#8217;s a long story.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u062f: \u00ab\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631-\u0646\u0642\u0644-\u0642\u0648\u0644-\u063a\u06cc\u0631-\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645-reported-speech\"> \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 Reported Speech<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u0645. \u062f\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 <strong>noun clause<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">Sara: I like chocolate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627: \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0645.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Direc<\/strong>t: She said, &#8220;I like chocolate.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0648 \u06af\u0641\u062a: \u00ab\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0645.\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Indirec<\/strong>t: She said (that) she liked chocolate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0648 \u06af\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u061b \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0686\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u06af\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u0647<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0631 (\u062f\u0631\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>backshift \u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"583\" src=\"https:\/\/digi-zaban.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/indirect-speech-steps-\u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc-\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646-1024x583.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 indirect speech\" class=\"wp-image-9089\" style=\"width:741px;height:422px\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a-\u0646\u0642\u0644-\u0642\u0648\u0644-\u063a\u06cc\u0631-\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645-reported-speech\"> \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 (Reported Speech)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 noun clause \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 that clause \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 <strong>that&nbsp;<\/strong>\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 <strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc <\/strong>\u0648 <strong>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0630\u0641<\/strong> \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u200c\u062f\u0648\u0645: <\/strong>\u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0644 say&nbsp;\u0648 tell \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 <strong>tell <\/strong>\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 <strong>\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f <\/strong>\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0644 <strong>say <\/strong>\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 <strong>\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/strong> (\u062f\u0631\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0631\u0641 <strong>to <\/strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f: \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645 (\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0645).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">Harry: I want a holiday.<br>Harry <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\">told them<\/span><\/strong> he wanted a holiday.<br>Harry <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\">said (to them) <\/span><\/strong>he wanted a holiday.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0645:<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c <strong>\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0631<\/strong> \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">Mark: \u201c<strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\">I<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color:#e052d2\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong> <\/strong><\/span>want more salad.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u0645: \u00ab\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06a9 \u06af\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0647 <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\">\u0627\u0648 <\/span><\/strong>\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f.\u00bb \u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0631 <strong>\u00ab\u0645\u0646\u00bb <\/strong>\u0628\u0647 \u00ab<strong>\u0627\u0648\u00bb<\/strong> (\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f) \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">Mark said (that) <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\">he <\/span><\/strong>wanted more salad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0645:<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 <strong>back shift<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645. \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f <strong>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u0628<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"581\" src=\"https:\/\/digi-zaban.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0642\u0648\u0644-\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645-\u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc-\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646-1024x581.webp\" alt=\"\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\" class=\"wp-image-9110\" style=\"width:760px;height:431px\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u0646\u0642\u0644-\u0642\u0648\u0644-\u063a\u06cc\u0631-\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645-\u062f\u0631-\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646-\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\">\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/digi-zaban.ir\/blog\/simple-present\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/digi-zaban.ir\/blog\/simple-present\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/a> \u2190 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">John: I work at nights<br>John said (that) he <span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\"><strong>worked <\/strong><\/span>at nights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u2190 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">Sara: Bob is annoying me.<br>Sara said he <span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\"><strong>was annoying<\/strong><\/span> her.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/digi-zaban.ir\/blog\/present-perfect-simple\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/digi-zaban.ir\/blog\/present-perfect-simple\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/a> \u2190 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">Nick: I have eaten too much.<br>Nick said he <span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\"><strong>had eaten<\/strong><\/span> too much.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/digi-zaban.ir\/blog\/present-perfect-continuous\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/digi-zaban.ir\/blog\/present-perfect-continuous\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/a> \u2190 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">Anna: My sister has been living in Hong Kong for 6 months.<br>Anna said her sister <span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\"><strong>had been living<\/strong><\/span> in Hong Kong for 6 months.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u2190 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">Sara: I bought a car<br>Sarah said she <span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\"><strong>had bought<\/strong><\/span> a car.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u2190 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">The team were playing well.<br>The coach said the team <span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\"><strong>had been playing<\/strong><\/span> well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">I had arrived before 9am.<br>She said she <span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\"><strong>had arrived<\/strong><\/span> before 9am.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">We have had already been dating for 3 years.<br>Mike said (that) they <span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\"><strong>had already been dating<\/strong><\/span> for 3 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u0646\u0642\u0644-\u0642\u0648\u0644-\u063a\u06cc\u0631-\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645-\u062f\u0631-\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646-\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\">\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/digi-zaban.ir\/blog\/future-tense-verbs\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/digi-zaban.ir\/blog\/future-tense-verbs\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647<\/a> \u0641\u0639\u0644 <strong>will <\/strong>\u0628\u0647 <strong>would <\/strong>\u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc be going to&nbsp;\u0641\u0631\u0645 <strong>were \/ was<\/strong> going to \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">I will take you out tonight.<br>He said he <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\">would <\/span><\/strong>take me out tonight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">I&#8217;m going to go Italy.<br>She said she <span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\"><strong>was <\/strong><\/span>going to go Italy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u0646\u0642\u0644-\u0642\u0648\u0644-\u063a\u06cc\u0631-\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645-\u062f\u0631-\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644-\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644-modal-verbs\"> \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644 modal verbs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0686\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\" id=\"can-\u2192-could\">can \u2192 could<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">You can pass the test.<br>He said I <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\">could <\/span><\/strong>pass the test<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\" id=\"must-have-to-\u2192-had-to\">must\/ have to \u2192 had to<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">You must go immediately.<br>My mother said I <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\">had to<\/span><\/strong> go immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\" id=\"may-\u2192-might\">may \u2192 might<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">We may do it for you.<br>She said they <span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\"><strong>might <\/strong><\/span>do it for me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\" id=\"should-would-could-might-ought-to\">Should\/ Would\/ Could\/ Might\/ Ought To<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">I should call my mother.<br>He said he <span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\"><strong>should <\/strong><\/span>call his mother.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"582\" src=\"https:\/\/digi-zaban.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/reported-speech-examples-\u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc-\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646-2-1024x582.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc reported speech\" class=\"wp-image-9095\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\">\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc back shift \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a <strong>\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627 to<\/strong> \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">.Teacher: Stand-up<br>.Teacher told us<strong> to stand<\/strong> up<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062c\u0628 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a-\u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634\u06cc\">\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634\u06cc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 wh-question \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 yes\/no question \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0648 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0637\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol style=\"list-style-type:1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u06af\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0628\u0637 (\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc wh-question \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc yes\/no question \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 if \u06cc\u0627 whether \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 (\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0638 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0631 (\u062f\u0631\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;back shift \u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\" src=\"https:\/\/digi-zaban.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Indirect-questions-steps-\u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc-\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646-1024x575.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 Indirect questions\" class=\"wp-image-9088\" style=\"width:798px;height:448px\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">?Who are you<br>.She asked me <strong>who I was<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">?Are you ready<br>.They asked me <strong>if I was ready<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0642\u06cc\u062f\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc <\/strong>\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0686\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">I can go with you now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">She said she could go with them <span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\"><strong>then<\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0648 \u06af\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">Tomorrow \u2192 The next day\/ Following day<br>Next day\/ week \/month \/ year \u2192 The following day\/ week \/month\/ year<br>Yesterday \u2192 The previous day<br>Last night\/week \/months \/year \u2192 The previous night\/week \/month\/year&nbsp;<br>Today \u2192 That day<br>An hour ago \u2192 An hour before<br>Now \u2192 Then\/ At the moment<br>This \u2192 That<br>Here \u2192 There<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647: <\/strong>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">Ashley: The Earth goes around the sun.<br>She said the Earth <span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\"><strong>goes <\/strong><\/span>around the sun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a<strong> \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645<\/strong> \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">Tom: I&#8217;m here today.<br>Sara: I will be late the next day.<br>The teacher: Submit your <a href=\"https:\/\/digi-zaban.ir\/?p=8069\">project<\/a> this week.<br>My friend: You ought to come at 7 p.m.<br>My family: Did you come by train?<br>Waiter: Do you want a cup of coffee?<br>Secretary: Are you Spanish?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0631\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0627 direct speech \u0648 indirect &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":9111,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5717","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-grammar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/digi-zaban.ir\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5717","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/digi-zaban.ir\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/digi-zaban.ir\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digi-zaban.ir\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digi-zaban.ir\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5717"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/digi-zaban.ir\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5717\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9556,"href":"https:\/\/digi-zaban.ir\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5717\/revisions\/9556"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digi-zaban.ir\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9111"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/digi-zaban.ir\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5717"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digi-zaban.ir\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5717"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digi-zaban.ir\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5717"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}